What became known as Colored Masonry came into existence in Alabama in 1867, two years after the Civil War. By 1869, there were between eight and ten traditionally recognized lodges in the state. These lodges were operated under charters issued by the states of Ohio, Tennessee, and Missouri. In September 1870, the Masters, Wardens, and legal representatives of the subordinate lodges gathered at the Colored Masonic Hall in Mobile to create a Colored Grand Lodge known as the Independent Most Worshipful Grand Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of Alabama.
The lodges that attended the convention were all located in Mobile and operated under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge in Ohio. In 1874, another Colored Grand Lodge was formed and known as the National Compact Grand Lodge. The two Grand Lodges operated independently in Alabama until a convention in August 1878 brought them together to form the present-day Grand Lodge of Alabama, adopting the name Most Worshipful Grand Lodge, F. & A. M. of Alabama. At the time of this consolidation, the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge included 22 lodges with approximately 300 members. Today, the Grand Lodge is comprised of 235 active subordinate lodges with approximately 6,000 members.
After 1900, as Birmingham surged forward to become Alabama’s largest city, the Grand Lodge was eager to build a state headquarters downtown. The Prince Hall Masons wanted a flagship building that would also be commercial space for African-American businesses in a state where most such venues were unavailable. In the early 20th century, there was no such thing as a Black business district in the South. Jim Crow laws authorizing the separation of races excluded Blacks from White-owned businesses across Birmingham. This forced African-American businesses to move downtown around what would become the 4th Avenue Business District. For decades, the area was a booming social hub complete with packed theaters, restaurants, jazz clubs, and vibrant city life.
Beginning in 1913, the fifth-elected Grand Master, Walter Thomas Woods, spearheaded the project and planning for a new Masonic Temple Building. However, construction would remain on hold for several more years as funds were slowly raised from Masons throughout Alabama. The Masonic Temple was designed by one of the first accredited African American architect firms, Robert Taylor and Louis Persley. Taylor, a North Carolina native and the son of a carpenter, was the first Black student to attend MIT. In collaboration with founder Booker T. Washington, Taylor designed many of the buildings on the Tuskegee campus. The much younger Persley was from Georgia, a 1914 graduate of Carnegie Tech in Pittsburgh who had returned to the South to join Washington and Taylor at Tuskegee.
The seven-story Mannerist-influenced, Renaissance Revival-style building was constructed by the Windham Brothers Construction Company. The entire construction cost of $658,000 was paid by contributions, therefore zero debt was accrued by the Masons. The Masonic Temple Building relies on annual contributions from the Prince Hall Free Masons to pay for maintenance and upkeep. Upon completion, the Masonic Temple Building was the largest and best-equipped state-of-the-art luxurious building built and paid for by Negroes in the entire world.
In addition to housing the state headquarters for Prince Hall Masons and the Order of the Eastern Star, the Temple Building served as the exclusive social and cultural center for the African American community for many years. This was one of the only buildings in the state where Blacks could freely enter through the front doors and did not have to use a side or back door. Black fraternal groups, physicians, lawyers, dentists, and insurance agents leased space throughout the building. In time, the Masonic Temple would figure in the civil rights struggle as it sheltered the offices of the NAACP, the Southern Negro Youth Congress, the Right to Vote Club, and the Jefferson County Negro Democratic Youth League.
The Prince Hall Masonic Temple is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a part of the 4th Avenue Historic District. The State of Alabama Department of Archives credits this Colored Masonic Temple with creating the second major wave of African American businesses in Birmingham. In recent decades, with the decline of Freemasonry, a building that once figured prominently in a vibrant Black urban life has faced a sort of functional obsolescence. The Prince Hall Grand Lodge still owns the building, but the grand auditorium hasn’t been used for meetings since the early 2000s. After serving the community for more than 80 years, the Masonic Temple Building was closed in 2011 due to maintenance costs. Unfortunately, the building has fallen into a state of disrepair while sitting dormant. Several windows remain boarded up, but the future seems bright for the blighted structure.
In January 2009, Main Street Birmingham hosted a workshop at the building to generate ideas for creative development. A campaign to raise $10-15 million for the restoration and expansion of the Temple was launched by the Grand Lodge in 2017, shortly after it was made part of the Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument. Schemes for possible expansion discussed at the time included a multi-story parking deck to the west of the Temple with retail spaces on the ground floor. In 2019, the Grand Lodge announced it was working with Historic District Developers on a $29 million mixed-use building redevelopment. Urban Impact Inc. and the Birmingham Department of Innovation and Economic Opportunity also participated in the project, which is intended to qualify for Historic Preservation Tax Credits, New Market Tax Credits, and Opportunity Zone tax credits. In April 2022, the Historic District Developers began removing, cataloging, and archiving the artifacts that remain in the building.
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These are the most intriguing photos of the Prince Hall Grand Lodge I never thought I would ever see. The stories, the histories, the captivating photos of history long passed. Such an amazing job bringing this to light and allowing a history buff such as myself get the chance to see and know the stories behind each picture. Please keep this coming. I’ll be looking forward to more. Thank you so much for sharing!
Thanks this extensive tour and of course for the beautiful photos. It’s amazing how one building played such a role in Birmingham’s most eventful decades.
I’ve worked in print my whole life and was startled to see that Graphotype machine in the basement. It looks like it was just turned off yesterday. I dream of having one of those machines someday, as a reminder of how far my profession has come.
Would love to see all the pictures you discussed in this article. I was a young girl remembering going into the Masonic Temple a friend’s aunt own a flower shop there. It was called Your Flower Shop. I really enjoyed the stories in this article. Will there be a book written with this information and pictures? Would love to purchase it. My father is 97 years old and we live in the East Thomas Community not far from what was and is known as Dynamite Hill have heard the stories of that erra all my life as I was born in 1960. Thanks again for the added lessons.
Thank you for this wonderful history and the photos. It is mind-boggling how some of the places look like people just walked away. Especially some of the older equipment just left in place. I suppose it wasn’t worth removing the equipment. Or maybe the owners thought, “oh, I’ll come back later and get it.” Great article!
So happy to have found this post. Albeit, I often during my lunch break view your posts over the past year or so. This is one of my favorites. So many great images and it seems so much of the building and contents still are insitu to this day after being left so long ago. For you, it must of been a thrill and quite the day or days visiting and photographing all of it. I can just see myself, sitting in one of these rooms and just being silent, listening/smelling/seeing the past and fantasying what it could of been like all those years ago. The old Coke Machine was wonderous with the tax stamps and simple reminder to make sure there is a bottle available before depositing your 60cents. The insurance/endowment paperwork for me, I work in the industry, was a huge A HA moment. The honesty of the request for claim, versus what one needs to provide today, was humbling as to where we have come from. The wonderful colors used in the temple, hues blue all over the place. Not a fan of the dentist personally, but my fears are probably nothing compared to the fears of folks in the past! The history of the right to vote for the black community being pushed out and the horrible injustice levied on them is starkly represented in your photographs and commentary. We must never forget the persecution of a race of the simple rights we all have as Americans. Thank you for such a wonderful post. I wonder what will happen to all those pieces of history throughout the building. The glass work and signage alone hopefully will find a good home for folks to view and reflect on the past of such an important building. Great work, many thanks for sharing.
I thank you for sharing the History of the Grand Lodge of Alabama. it was truly interesting to see the History of this Grand Old Place. I truly hope it will Rise again to benefit the people of Alabama.
Wow – amazing story, amazing building. And amazing what people leave behind!
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These are the most intriguing photos of the Prince Hall Grand Lodge I never thought I would ever see. The stories, the histories, the captivating photos of history long passed. Such an amazing job bringing this to light and allowing a history buff such as myself get the chance to see and know the stories behind each picture. Please keep this coming. I’ll be looking forward to more. Thank you so much for sharing!
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I appreciate it very much. Thank you.
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That is absolutely awesome, I love history like this. Thanks for sharing! I would love to go with you sometime!
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Thanks this extensive tour and of course for the beautiful photos. It’s amazing how one building played such a role in Birmingham’s most eventful decades.
I’ve worked in print my whole life and was startled to see that Graphotype machine in the basement. It looks like it was just turned off yesterday. I dream of having one of those machines someday, as a reminder of how far my profession has come.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Was the building torn down or have they restored it I tried to find out and got different answers.
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It is currently undergoing restoration.
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Terrific history, thanks for sharing it.
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You’re welcome!
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Would love to see all the pictures you discussed in this article. I was a young girl remembering going into the Masonic Temple a friend’s aunt own a flower shop there. It was called Your Flower Shop. I really enjoyed the stories in this article. Will there be a book written with this information and pictures? Would love to purchase it. My father is 97 years old and we live in the East Thomas Community not far from what was and is known as Dynamite Hill have heard the stories of that erra all my life as I was born in 1960. Thanks again for the added lessons.
LikeLike
WOW – thanks for sharing – amazing that it had almost everything that helped us as a people back in the day.
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Thank you for this body of work, well done sir.
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This was awesome. Thanks for sharing
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Thank you so much for this important part of our history. Thankfully it is being restored and not lost as so much of our history and property.
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Thank you for this wonderful history and the photos. It is mind-boggling how some of the places look like people just walked away. Especially some of the older equipment just left in place. I suppose it wasn’t worth removing the equipment. Or maybe the owners thought, “oh, I’ll come back later and get it.” Great article!
LikeLike
So happy to have found this post. Albeit, I often during my lunch break view your posts over the past year or so. This is one of my favorites. So many great images and it seems so much of the building and contents still are insitu to this day after being left so long ago. For you, it must of been a thrill and quite the day or days visiting and photographing all of it. I can just see myself, sitting in one of these rooms and just being silent, listening/smelling/seeing the past and fantasying what it could of been like all those years ago. The old Coke Machine was wonderous with the tax stamps and simple reminder to make sure there is a bottle available before depositing your 60cents. The insurance/endowment paperwork for me, I work in the industry, was a huge A HA moment. The honesty of the request for claim, versus what one needs to provide today, was humbling as to where we have come from. The wonderful colors used in the temple, hues blue all over the place. Not a fan of the dentist personally, but my fears are probably nothing compared to the fears of folks in the past! The history of the right to vote for the black community being pushed out and the horrible injustice levied on them is starkly represented in your photographs and commentary. We must never forget the persecution of a race of the simple rights we all have as Americans. Thank you for such a wonderful post. I wonder what will happen to all those pieces of history throughout the building. The glass work and signage alone hopefully will find a good home for folks to view and reflect on the past of such an important building. Great work, many thanks for sharing.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Thank you so much for this amazing article. I was fascinated and absolutely loved all the details and the history! I have shared it with many people!
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I thank you for sharing the History of the Grand Lodge of Alabama. it was truly interesting to see the History of this Grand Old Place. I truly hope it will Rise again to benefit the people of Alabama.
LikeLike